Technology Proportionality at the Digital Fortress: Critical Analysis of Cryptography, Monitoring, and Technological Fiction

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.67294/2c3nvz80

Keywords:

Cybersegurity, Cryptography, Technoscientific Deception, Digital Fortress, Narrative Analysis

Abstract

This article analyzes the construction of technoscientific verisimilitude in Dan Brown’s novel Digital Fortress through its representations of cryptography, digital surveillance, and computer security. A qualitative, documentary, and interpretive study was conducted using a critical-comparative design complemented by elements of narrative analysis. The corpus comprised the novel, a previous book examining its technological elements, and specialized sources on cryptography, cybersecurity, privacy, and narrative studies. The study sample consisted of 10 technological statements purposively selected from an inventory of 45 elements. A six-field analysis matrix served as the data collection and systematization instrument; its fields were narrative statement, associated technical concept, specialized evidence, classification, narrative function, and ethical implications. The results show that the novel combines technically consistent concepts with simplifications, extrapolations, exaggerations, and terminological inventions. Encryption principles, key length, brute-force attacks, and parallel processing have identifiable technical foundations. However, Transltr’s universal decryption capability, infallible email tracking, and certain behaviors attributed to computer programs exceed recognized technological possibilities. These transformations perform narrative functions related to suspense, character development, and the representation of institutional power. The gradual classification proposed in this study is therefore more appropriate than a strict opposition between reality and fiction. The study contributes primarily to Sustainable Development Goal 16 by encouraging critical reflection on privacy, state surveillance, accountable institutions, and fundamental freedoms, and complementarily to Sustainable Development Goal 4 by promoting critical technological literacy.

References

Abbott, H. P. (2008). The Cambridge introduction to narrative. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511816932 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511816932

Abelson, H., Anderson, R., Bellovin, S. M., Benaloh, J., Blaze, M., Diffie, W., Gilmore, J. F., Neumann, P. G., Rivest, R. L., Schiller, J. I., & Schneier, B. (1997). The risks of key recovery, key escrow, and trusted third-party encryption. Columbia Academic Commons, Columbia University. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8gm8f2w

Abelson, H., Anderson, R., Bellovin, S. M., Benaloh, J., Blaze, M., Diffie, W., Gilmore, J. F., Green, M., Landau, S., Neumann, P. G., Rivest, R. L., Schiller, J. I., Schneier, B., Specter, M. A., & Weitzner, D. J. (2015). Keys under doormats: Mandating insecurity by requiring government access to all data and communications. Journal of Cybersecurity, 1(1), tyv009. https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyv009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyv009

Abowd, G. D., & Mynatt, E. D. (2000). Charting past, present, and future research in ubiquitous computing. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 7(1), 29–58. https://doi.org/10.1145/344949.344988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/344949.344988

Alkhzaimi, H. (2016). Cryptanalysis of selected block ciphers [Doctoral dissertation, Technical University of Denmark]. Orbit. https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/123428642/phd360_Alkhzaimi_HA.pdf

Babelyuk, O., Kolyasa, O. V., Matsevko-Bekerska, L., Matuzkova, O. P., & Pavlenko, N. (2021). The interaction of possible worlds through the prism of cognitive narratology. Arab World English Journal, 12(2), 364–376. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.25

Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. Yale University Press.

Baumann, A., Haupt, J., Gebert, F., & Lessmann, S. (2018). Changing perspectives: Using graph metrics to predict purchase probabilities. Expert Systems with Applications, 94, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.10.046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.10.046

Beraja, M., Yang, D. Y., & Yuchtman, N. (2023). Data-intensive innovation and the state: Evidence from AI firms in China. The Review of Economic Studies, 90(4), 1701–1723. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdac056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdac056

Borgesius, F. Z., van Hoboken, J., Fahy, R., Irion, K., & Rozendaal, M. (2025). An assessment of the Commission’s Proposal on Privacy and Electronic Communications. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.01752

Bräunlich, K., Dienlin, T., Eichenhofer, J., Helm, P., Trepte, S., Grimm, R., Seubert, S., & Gusy, C. (2020). Linking loose ends: An interdisciplinary privacy and communication model. New Media & Society, 23(6), 1443–1464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820905045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820905045

Cox, A. (2021). Exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence and robots on higher education through literature-based design fictions. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00237-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00237-8

Cutolo, D., & Kenney, M. (2021). Platform-dependent entrepreneurs: Power asymmetries, risks, and strategies in the platform economy. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(4), 584–605. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2019.0103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2019.0103

Diesburg, S., & Wang, A.-I. A. (2010). A survey of confidential data storage and deletion methods. ACM Computing Surveys, 43(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.1145/1824795.1824797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1824795.1824797

Diffie, W., & Landau, S. (2007). Privacy on the line: The politics of wiretapping and encryption. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5572.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5572.001.0001

Elmar, C. K. (2016). Charting artificial intelligence in reality and fiction: A study of how the act of fictionalizing influences human perception of technology [Master's thesis, University of Bergen]. Bergen Open Research Archive. https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15582

Gutiérrez, A. F. (2022). Improved techniques in the cryptanalysis of symmetric primitives [Doctoral dissertation, Sorbonne Université]. Theses.fr. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS281/document

Harel-Canada, F., Zhou, H., Mupalla, S., Yıldız, Z., Miryung, K., Sahai, A., & Peng, N. (2024). Measuring psychological depth in language models. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.12680 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.953

Haupt, J., Bender, B., Fabian, B., & Lessmann, S. (2018). Robust identification of email tracking: A machine learning approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 271(1), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.05.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.05.018

Harasym, T. (2022). Pragmatics of the initiation novel. Studia Methodologica, 53, 88–105. https://doi.org/10.25128/2304-1222.22.53.06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25128/2304-1222.22.53.06

Humbert, M., Trubert, B., & Huguenin, K. (2019). A survey on interdependent privacy. ACM Computing Surveys, 52(6), Article 126. https://doi.org/10.1145/3360498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3360498

Hunin, J. (2011). The movement of 1977: Literary perceptions [Doctoral dissertation, Université Paris 3]. Theses.fr. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030001/document

Hurtado, D. C., Vidal, Y. M., Matos, G. A., & Muñiz, E. P. (2023). Critical analysis of the elements of the collection of the novel La Fortaleza Digital: Between fiction and reality. Lula.

Jin, D. (2020). Political economy of communication. In The SAGE international encyclopedia of mass media and society (Vol. 5, pp. 1374–1375). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483375519.n524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483375519.n524

Kalantari, S. (2021). Open about the open-rate? State of email tracking in marketing emails and its effects on user's privacy. In M. Friedewald, S. Schiffner, & S. Krenn (Eds.), Privacy and identity management (Vol. 619, pp. 187–205). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72465-8_11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72465-8_11

Katz, J., & Lindell, Y. (2014). Introduction to modern cryptography (2nd ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17668 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b17668

Kaushik, N. K., Rathore, T. S., & Kumar, P. (2024). Email traceback: Securing systems from phishing and malicious link prevention. In 2024 1st International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Networking (ICAC2N) (pp. 647–652). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icac2n63387.2024.10895717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC2N63387.2024.10895717

Kumar, S., Paar, C., Pelzl, J., Pfeiffer, G., & Schimmler, M. (2006). Breaking ciphers with COPACOBANA—A cost-optimized parallel code breaker. In Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems – CHES 2006 (Vol. 4249, pp. 101–118). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11894063_9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11894063_9

Lancho, J. M. (2026). The law of technological power displacement: Technological non-neutrality and the structural growth of power asymmetry in technological societies. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19302091

Longo, R., Pintore, F., Rinaldo, G., & Sala, M. (2017). On the security of the blockchain BIX protocol and certificates. In 2017 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon) (pp. 1–16). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/cycon.2017.8240338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/CYCON.2017.8240338

Mahadi, N. A., Mohamed, M. A., Mohamad, A. I., Makhtar, M., Kadir, M. F. A., & Mamat, M. (2018). A survey of machine learning techniques for behavioral-based biometric user authentication. In Recent advances in cryptography and network security. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76685 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76685

Marinakis, G. (2013). Minimum key length for cryptographic security. Journal of Applied Mathematics & Bioinformatics, 3(1), 181–191. http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/JAMB/Vol%203_1_10.pdf

Munir, A. B., & Yasin, S. H. M. (2004). Retention of communications data: A bumpy road ahead. John Marshall Journal of Computer & Information Law, 22(4), Article 4. https://repository.law.uic.edu/jitpl/vol22/iss4/4

Murray, D., & Fussey, P. (2019). Bulk surveillance in the digital age: Rethinking the human rights law approach to bulk monitoring of communications data. Israel Law Review, 52(1), 31–60. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021223718000304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021223718000304

Murray, D., Fussey, P., Hove, K., Wakabi, W., Kimumwe, P., Saki, O., & Stevens, A. (2024). The chilling effects of surveillance and human rights: Insights from qualitative research in Uganda and Zimbabwe. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 16(1), 397–412. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huad020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huad020

Pursiainen, C. (2017). Critical infrastructure resilience: A Nordic model in the making? International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 632–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.08.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.08.006

Reibstein, D. J., & Chussil, M. J. (1999). Putting the lesson before the test: Using simulation to analyze and develop competitive strategies. Competitive Intelligence Review, 10(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6386(199931)10:1<34::aid-cir6>3.0.co;2-h DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6386(199931)10:1<34::AID-CIR6>3.3.CO;2-8

Sapiro, G. (2023). Literature, knowledge, and worldview. In The Routledge handbook of world literatures (pp. 209–221). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003093046-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003093046-18

Schaller, C. (2018). Strategic surveillance and extraterritorial basic rights protection: German intelligence law after Snowden. German Law Journal, 19(4), 941–980. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200022926 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200022926

Schneier, B. (1996). Applied cryptography: Protocols, algorithms, and source code in C (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Stallings, W., & Brown, L. (2008). Computer security: Principles and practice. Pearson.

United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1). https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda

Voydock, V. L., & Kent, S. (1983). Security mechanisms in high-level network protocols. ACM Computing Surveys, 15(2), 135–171. https://doi.org/10.1145/356909.356913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/356909.356913

Xu, H., Hao, S., Sari, A., & Wang, H. (2018). Privacy risk assessment on email tracking. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) (pp. 2519–2527). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2018.8486432 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2018.8486432

Downloads

Published

2026-09-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Hurtado Carmona, D. (2026). Technology Proportionality at the Digital Fortress: Critical Analysis of Cryptography, Monitoring, and Technological Fiction. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Emerging Technologies and Applications, 1(6), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.67294/2c3nvz80